# Python

## Fast nth Fibonacci number algorithm

Definition: The Fibonacci sequence is defined by the equation, where $$F(0) = 0$$, $$F(1) = 1$$ and $$F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2) \text{for } n \geq 2$$. This gives us the sequence 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13 … called the Fibonacci Sequence. This post is about how fast we can find the nth number in the …

## Understanding Graham scan algorithm for finding the Convex hull of a set of Points

Convex Hull is one of the fundamental algorithms in Computational geometry used in many computer vision applications like Collision avoidance in Self Driving Cars, Shape analysis and Hand Gesture-recognition, etc. By Definition, A Convex Hull is the smallest convex set that encloses a given set of points. For Example, Given a set of points P …

## Find clusters of collinear points from a given set of data points

A set of 3 or more points are said to be collinear if they all lie on a straight line as shown in the image below.   One common way of checking if three points are collinear is by finding the area of the triangle formed by the points. The area will be zero if …

## Understanding the Classification report through sklearn

A Classification report is used to measure the quality of predictions from a classification algorithm. How many predictions are True and how many are False. More specifically, True Positives, False Positives, True negatives and False Negatives are used to predict the metrics of a classification report as shown below. The report is copied from our previous …

## Understanding Support vector Machines using Python

Support Vector machines (SVM) can be used for both classification as well as regression tasks but they are mostly used in classification applications. Some of the real world applications include Face detection, Handwriting detection, Document categorisation, SPAM Filtering, image classification and protein remote homology detection. For many researchers, SVM is the first best choice for …

## Multiple Linear Regression with Python on Framingham Heart Study data

Previously we built a simple linear regression model using a single explanatory variable to predict the price of pizza from its diameter. But in the real world the price of pizza cannot be entirely derived from the diameter of its base alone. It also depends on the toppings, which means there are a many more …

## Evaluating the fitness of a modal with a cost function

Previously we derived a simple linear regression modal for our Pizza price dataset. We built a modal that predicted a price of $13.68 for a 12 inch pizza. When the same modal is used to predict the price of an 8 inch pizza, we get$9.78 which is around $0.78 more than the known price of$9. …

## Math behind Linear Regression with Python code

Simple linear regression is a statistical method you can use to study relationships between two continuous (quantitative) variables: independent variable (x) – also referred to as predictor or explanatory variable dependant variable (y) – also referred to as response or outcome The goal of any regression model is to predict the value of y (dependant variable) based on the …

## Instagram quotes generator using Python PIL

I am using Python’s Pillow library for image creation.You can even install it using pip. \$ pip install Pillow You can get the detailed installation instructions here. Instagram’s default post size is 612px  612px so first let me create a 612px square white box. from PIL import Image, ImageDraw #variables for image size x1 = …

## Understanding Binomial Distribution using Python

Binomial distribution is used to understand the probability of a particular outcome in repeated independent trials. The probability of a trial is either success or failure. The trials are independent as the outcome or the previous trial had no effect on the next trial, as happens in tossing of coins. If we flip a coin, it would either …